The Hidden Foundations of Western Wealth
The Hidden Foundations of Western Wealth: How Global Drug Cartels Built Modern Capitalism An Investigation into the Colonial Opium Trade and Its American Legacy In the towering skyscrapers of Manhattan and the grand estates of New England lies a shameful secret that shaped the modern world: some of history's most prestigious fortunes were built on what was essentially the world's first industrial-scale drug trafficking operation. Recent scholarship reveals how the Dutch and British East India Companies created a sophisticated global money laundering system that transformed opium into Western wealth, with American families like the Astors playing crucial supporting roles. The Machine: How Colonial Companies Became Drug Cartels The World's First Corporate Drug Empire The world's first international drug cartels were run by the Dutch and British governments through their monopoly East India companies. The Dutch East India Company (VOC), established in 1602,...